Model vs. instance vs. records

model is a synonym for content. So, it can be everything you need for your route. It can be a record or some Ember Objects or even some Javascript objects. Normally you shouldnt concern yourself too much with instanciation (hope thats the right wording). Ember.data should do that for you. The only exception maybe is the createRecord method. If you are working without Ember data/model its different of course. I think thats why its confusing when reading the docs.